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Isotope popular science knowledge (I)

Isotope popular science knowledge (I)

  • Categories:Technology
  • Author:
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  • Time of issue:2022-04-22

(Summary description)Isotope, the English name isotope, means that different atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.

Isotope popular science knowledge (I)

(Summary description)Isotope, the English name isotope, means that different atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.

  • Categories:Technology
  • Time of issue:2022-04-22
  • Views:
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    Isotope popular science knowledge (I)

Isotope, the English name isotope, means that different atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. For example, hydrogen has three isotopes: hydrogen (H), deuterium (D, heavy hydrogen) and tritium (T, super heavy hydrogen); Carbon has many isotopes, such as 12C, 13C and 14C (radioactive).

Isotope is one of two or more atoms of the same chemical element with the same atomic number. It occupies the same position on the periodic table of elements. Its chemical properties are almost the same, but its atomic mass or mass number are different, so its mass spectrum properties, radioactive transformation and physical properties (such as the diffusion ability in the gaseous state) are different. The representation of isotope is to indicate the mass number in the upper left corner of the element symbol (for example, carbon-14, generally represented by 14C).

Naturally occurring isotopes in nature are called natural isotopes, and artificially synthesized isotopes are called artificial isotopes. If the isotope is radioactive, it is called a radioisotope. Some radioisotopes exist in nature, while others use nuclear particles, such as protons α Artificially produced by particles or neutrons bombarding stable nuclei.

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Many elements in nature have isotopes. Homologous elements exist naturally, some are manufactured, some are radioactive, and some are not radioactive. Although the mass and number of isotopes of the same element are different, their chemical properties are basically the same (such as chemical reaction and ion formation), and their physical properties are different (mainly in mass, melting point and boiling point). In nature, the atomic number percentage of various isotopes is certain.

Isotopes refer to atoms (nuclides) with the same nuclear charge but different atomic masses. At the end of the 19th century, radioisotopes were first discovered, and then natural stable isotopes were discovered, and the abundance of isotopes was determined. Most natural elements have several stable isotopes. The isotopic masses of the same element are different, but their chemical properties are almost the same.

Since the discovery of radioactivity at the end of the 19th century, more than 30 kinds of radioactive elements have been discovered by people at the beginning of the 20th century. It has been proved that although some radioactive elements are significantly different in radioactivity, their chemical properties are exactly the same.

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