Discovery of deuterium gas
- Categories:Technology
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- Time of issue:2022-04-25
(Summary description)Deuterium is a stable isotope of hydrogen and exists as deuterium gas at room temperature. It is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic and harmless flammable gas. The discovery of deuterium gas also won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
Discovery of deuterium gas
(Summary description)Deuterium is a stable isotope of hydrogen and exists as deuterium gas at room temperature. It is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic and harmless flammable gas. The discovery of deuterium gas also won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
- Categories:Technology
- Time of issue:2022-04-25
- Views:
Deuterium is a stable isotope of hydrogen and exists as deuterium gas at room temperature. It is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic and harmless flammable gas. The discovery of deuterium gas also won the Nobel Prize in chemistry.
Hydrogen and deuterium are isotopes. The Western isotope of the term isotope was first used by the British Soddy in 1911. Later, another Englishman, f.w.aston (1877-1945), made a mass spectrometer in 1919, which can be used to separate particles of different masses and determine their masses. This has greatly improved the method of studying isotopes. Aston has successively found isotopes of many elements by using mass spectrometer. Among 71 elements, he has successively found 202 isotopes, which has accumulated a lot of data for us to understand isotopes. The most interesting question is whether hydrogen has isotopes. In order to find the isotopes of hydrogen, people have spent more than ten years, but no definite results have been obtained. At the beginning of 1931, physicist birch and astrophysicist Menzel first put forward the hypothesis that "hydrogen contains some atoms with atomic weight of about 2, in addition to some atoms with atomic weight of about 1, and the content of the latter is about 1/4500" according to their experimental results. Professor Yuri, who was working at Columbia University, was very interested in this hypothesis. He believes that if liquid hydrogen is allowed to evaporate at a low temperature, it is likely to enrich hydrogen with atomic weight of 2. At the end of 1931, Professor Yuri and his assistants slowly evaporated four liters of liquid hydrogen at the three-phase point of 14K, leaving only a few cubic millimeters of liquid hydrogen, and then analyzed it by spectrum. Results some new spectral lines were obtained in the spectral lines of hydrogen atom, and their positions were just consistent with the expected hydrogen spectral lines with mass 2, so heavy hydrogen was found. Yuri gave it a special name, deuterium, which means "second" in Greek, with the symbol D. In 1934, in the third year after Yuri discovered deuterium, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry. He was only 41 years old. A discovery was accepted by science and awarded the Nobel Prize in just three years. This is rare in history. It can be seen that the discovery of deuterium gas is very important.
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