Heavy water (I)
- Categories:Technology
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- Time of issue:2022-05-03
(Summary description)Deuterium oxide is a compound composed of deuterium and oxygen, also known as deuterium oxide. Its molecular formula is D2O, with a relative molecular weight of 20.0275, which is about 11% higher than the relative molecular weight of water (H2O) of 18.0153, so it is called heavy water.
Heavy water (I)
(Summary description)Deuterium oxide is a compound composed of deuterium and oxygen, also known as deuterium oxide. Its molecular formula is D2O, with a relative molecular weight of 20.0275, which is about 11% higher than the relative molecular weight of water (H2O) of 18.0153, so it is called heavy water.
- Categories:Technology
- Time of issue:2022-05-03
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Heavy water (I)
Deuterium oxide is a compound composed of deuterium and oxygen, also known as deuterium oxide. Its molecular formula is D2O, with a relative molecular weight of 20.0275, which is about 11% higher than the relative molecular weight of water (H2O) of 18.0153, so it is called heavy water. Since the properties of deuterium and hydrogen are very different, the chemical properties of heavy water and ordinary water are also very similar. The ion product constant of heavy water is 1.6*10-15. In natural water, the content of heavy water accounts for about 0.02%. The electrolysis rate of heavy water is smaller than that of ordinary water, and it can be extracted by electrolysis. The boiling point of heavy water is different from that of ordinary water, so it can also be purified by distillation. In natural water, the content of heavy water accounts for about 0.015%.
Discovery process of heavy water: deuterium was discovered in liquid hydrogen by H.C. Yuri and f.g. briqueville in 1931. In 1933, G.N. Lewis and R.T. macdonan obtained 0.5 μ l of heavy water by volume reduction electrolysis, with a purity of 65.7%. After electrolysis, 0.1g of near pure heavy water was obtained. In 1934, Norway established the world's first heavy water production plant by using cheap hydropower.
The production methods of heavy water are: electrolysis method. When electrolyzing water, the electrolytic separation coefficient of EBAE can reach about 10, which can make heavy water concentrate quickly. However, the power consumption is too large to be used alone; Distillation method, such as water separation, ammonia and hydrogen distillation, is used to enrich deuterium. Although the operation is simple, the separation coefficient is small; Chemical exchange method, which uses chemical reaction to exchange deuterium and hydrogen for enrichment, is the most economical method.
Heavy water looks very similar to ordinary water. It is odorless and tasteless liquid. Their chemical properties are the same, but some physical properties are different. The density of ordinary water is 1g/cm3, while that of heavy water is 1.056g/cm3; The boiling point of ordinary water is 100 ℃, and that of heavy water is 101.42 ℃; The freezing point of ordinary water is 0 ℃, and that of heavy water is 3.8 ℃. In addition, ordinary water can nourish life and cultivate all things, while heavy water cannot germinate seeds. People and animals will die if they drink heavy water.
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