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Heavy water (III)

Heavy water (III)

  • Categories:Technology
  • Author:
  • Origin:
  • Time of issue:2022-05-23

(Summary description)Heavy water can be produced in many ways. The original method was electrolysis, because heavy water could not be electrolyzed, so it could be separated from ordinary water. Another simple method is to use the boiling point of heavy water higher than that of ordinary water through repeated distillation. Later, some other better methods were developed.

Heavy water (III)

(Summary description)Heavy water can be produced in many ways. The original method was electrolysis, because heavy water could not be electrolyzed, so it could be separated from ordinary water. Another simple method is to use the boiling point of heavy water higher than that of ordinary water through repeated distillation. Later, some other better methods were developed.

  • Categories:Technology
  • Time of issue:2022-05-23
  • Views:
Information

Heavy water (III)

Heavy water can be produced in many ways. The original method was electrolysis, because heavy water could not be electrolyzed, so it could be separated from ordinary water. Another simple method is to use the boiling point of heavy water higher than that of ordinary water through repeated distillation. Later, some other better methods were developed.

However, only two methods have proved commercially significant: the water hydrogen sulfide exchange method (GS method) and the ammonia hydrogen exchange method.

The GS method is a method based on the exchange of hydrogen and deuterium between water and hydrogen sulfide in a series of columns (operated by cold top and hot bottom). During this process, water flows to the tower bottom, while hydrogen sulfide gas circulates from the tower bottom to the tower top. A series of porous trays are used to promote the mixing of hydrogen sulfide gas and water. Deuterium migrates to water at low temperature and hydrogen sulfide at high temperature. Hydrogen sulfide gas or water in which deuterium is concentrated is discharged from the joint of the hot section and the cold section of the first stage tower, and this process is repeated in the next stage tower. The product of the last stage (deuterium concentrated to up to 30% water) is sent to a distillation unit to prepare reactor level heavy water (i.e. 99.75% deuterium oxide).

The ammonia hydrogen exchange method can extract deuterium from Syngas by contacting with liquid ammonia in the presence of catalyst. The syngas is sent to the exchange tower and then to the ammonia converter. In the exchange tower, gas flows from the bottom to the top, while liquid ammonia flows from the top to the bottom. Deuterium is washed from hydrogen in syngas and concentrated in liquid ammonia. The liquid ammonia then flows into the ammonia cracker at the bottom of the tower, while the gas flows into the ammonia converter at the top of the tower. It is further concentrated in later stages, and finally reactor level heavy water is produced by distillation. Syngas feed can be provided by ammonia plant, which can also be built in combination with ammonia hydrogen exchange heavy water plant. The ammonia hydrogen exchange method can also use ordinary water as the feed source of deuterium. Many key equipment items used in heavy water production plants using GS process or ammonia hydrogen exchange process are the same as those used in several production processes of chemical industry and petroleum industry. This is especially true for small plants using GS process. However, such equipment items are rarely "off the shelf". GS process and ammonia hydrogen exchange process require that a large number of flammable, corrosive and toxic fluids be handled under high pressure. Therefore, when formulating the design and operation standards for plants and equipment using these methods, it is required to pay careful attention to the selection and specification of materials to ensure a high degree of safety and reliability in long-term service. The choice of scale mainly depends on economy and needs. Therefore, most equipment items will be manufactured according to the user's requirements.

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